Oil burner



F@b. 21 E, 1936,

i i c. J. OHLSSON vs Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR-T 2&30531 Feb. H, 119%., c..1. OHLSSON OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 2, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVEN TOR:

- ATTORNEY.

Fzsfmo M, 11936,, c, J. OHLSSON 2,3,531

OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 2, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 I N VEN TOR:

BY v

% ATTORNEY.

Patented Feb. 11, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 4 Claims.

This invention relates to a high and low flame oil burner and has for anobject to provide a burner of this character which is capable of burningvarious kinds of oil ranging from the light furnace oils to the heavierfuel and bunker oils.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner in which the oilis atomized under highly favorable conditions in the presence of aregulated and minimum quantity of air.

Another object of the invention is to provide aburner of the characterspecified in which the means for introducing the air imparts a suitablemotion thereto relative to the fuel nozzle for entraining the fueltherefrom in the air, and controls the quantity of air admitted inaccordance with operating conditions.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner of the characterspecified in which the means for controlling the admission of air alsoserves to control the fuel supply so as to vary the flame intensity.

Another object of the invention is to provide a=burner of the characterspecified in which the fuel is ejected from the nozzle subject to theatomizing action of steam generated by the heat from the-nozzle flame,and in which the water supply for the steam generator is controlledautomatically by the steam pressure.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner of thecharacterspecified in which both the water supply and fuel supply are undercontrol of the pressure of the steam utilized in atomizing the fuel.

In the drawings forming part of this application one practicableembodiment of my invention is illustrated, in which drawings:

Figure 1 shows a front View of my improved device as applied to the doorof 'a furnace.

Fig. 2 is a view of the parts shown in Fig. 1 looking at this from theleft-hand side.

Fig. 3 is an'enlarge'd detail of the water supply valve and the oil pumpswitch seen from the opposite side of that illustrated in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a detail view showing the tip or nozzle end of the burner.

Fig. 5 is a detail looking at the device from the front, some partsbeing removed to show the position and mode of operation of the shuttersand shutter actuated mechanism, and

Fig. 6 is a detail looking at the device illustrated in Figs. 1 and 5from the right-hand side to show the mechanism of the by-pass valve andits connections with the shutter actuating lever.

This burner is designed to employ steam for 65 assistingjin theatomization of theoil, such atomization also being assisted by a currentof air caused to gyrate in a direction opposite that followed by thewhirling material leaving the nozzle of the gun burner, the combustiblemixture being caused to impinge upon the coil used for generating thesteam, or upon glowing carbon which has deposited thereon.

This burner is of the gun type. The gun is designated by the referencecharacter 1, illustrated more particularly in Figs. 2 and 4, andcomprises an outer shell 8 into which the oil is admitted by means of apipe 9 leading from some suitable oil pump, not illustrated. The nozzleis formed in a well-known manner to deliver fuel in a whirling spray.

Within the shell 8 is located the nozzle II] from a steam supply pipe H.At its forward or discharging end the sleeve 8 has an outwardly flaringor conical orifice 12. It is seen that the oil occupies a tubular spaceI3 surrounding the steam nozzle ID. The oil issues from the orifice 12in the form of a cone through the metering disk [4 located in theconical tip l2. Super-heated steam is furnished by means of a steamgenerator coil I5 located in the region of discharge from the gun and ina place where the heat from combustion is intense. The delivery end ofthe coil runs into the steam pipe I. The water for the coil is furnishedby means of a pipe. I6 communicating with a water supply pipe I! whichmay, if desired, be connected to the water main or city pressure, or, ifsufficient pressure is not thus available for controlling the initialpressure in the coil, devices for feeding water at the desired pressuremay be resorted to.

The water is preferably received through some suitable straining device.A strainer is illustrated at I1.

The steam, in its passage from the generating coil IE to the pipe H,goes through a steam strainer I8. The pipe H is also shown equipped witha safety valve i9. A steam pressure gauge 20 is shown in connection withthe generator, preferably on the water inlet side.

A branch pipe 2| leads from the water supply [6 to a pressure operatedwater controlling or shut off device 22. This shut off comprises anenlarged chamber 23 in which is located a piston 24 urged by means of acompression spring 25 against the flow of water, or rather against thepressure of the water. Preferably the pipe 2| branches off from thewater pipe It at a point where the water is cold, but is neverthelesssubjected to pressure from the steam generating coil I5.

A shut off and control valve 26 is shown located in the water supplypipe l6, this valve being operated by an arm 21. The arm 21 is connectedby means of link 28 to the trip bar 29 which is shown pivoted at 30 toan arm 3| dependent from a bracket 32 carried by the front plate 33 uponwhich the various parts of the mechanism are supported. A rod 34, whichis fast to the piston 24 depends through the lower end of the casing 22and is connected at its lower end to the trip bar or lever 29. Forpurposes of adjustment a screw thread 35 is formed on the lower end ofthe piston rod 34, which screw threaded end passes through a hole in abracket 36 extending from the side of the bar 29 and a pair of set nuts31 and 38 are mounted on the screw thread above and below the bracket36. The trip bar extends upon the side of the pivot 30 opposite that towhich the shut off and control valve for the water is connected and'isfurnished with a hook 39 upon which a drip bucket 40 is suspended. Theplate 33 is shown secured to a fire door 4| by means of a series ofbolts 42. These bolts are associated with air deflecting members 43.Each of such members is formed of a plate of sheet metal of a width forspacing the plate 33 a proper distance from the fire door 4|. Each ofthe plates 43 is bent around one of the bolts 42, as at 44, and theparts are tightened up by means of suitable nuts 45 on their outer ends.The several parts form a substantially cylindrical casing having itsside wall formed of a plurality of tangential plates separated at theirends, and the spaces between said ends forming inlet openings controlledby the shutters 46, hereinafter described.

In the illustration three such plates 43 are shown and the ends of eachplate are so located in relation to the ends of the two adjacent platesthat an air entrance is afforded between them. .One of the ends of eachplate, being located further outwardly radially on the plate 33 than isits other end, has a tendency to give the air entering the openings acircular or whirling movement as well as a movement inwardly toward thenozzle of the gun, the nozzle of the gun being located at about thecenter of the plates and consequently in the natural vortex of the whirlof the air which is generated in this part of the device, the directionof the whirl of this are being opposite to that of the fuel dischargedfrom the nozzle 1.

A draft tube 4|ll is secured to the inner side of the fire door 4|.

A series of shutters 46 are furnished for controlling the openingsbetween the ends of the plates 43. These shutters are mounted on rods41, 4'! supported by the furnace door 4| and by the plate 33. Theshutters 46 are preferably fast on'these rods. Operating arms 48 areconnected by means of links 49 with a lever 50 which is pivoted at 4'!to the plate 33 and is connected by means of a link 52 and chain 53 tosome suitable thermostatic or other control device which may be employedin the installation and also to the pressure regulator on the boiler.Some suit able counter-weight as 54 may be employed if desired.

A by-pass 55 for returning a portion of the oil to the supply runs fromthe oil pipe 9 and is furnished with a valve 56, the stem of whichcarries an arm 51 connected by means of an adjustable link 58 with thelever 56 so that upon the movement of the lever 50 which opens theshutters 46 the by-pass is closed, and upon a movement of the lever 50which closes the shutters 46 and 'reduces or shuts off the air supplythe by-pass valve is opened and the pressure of oil is reduced so thatthe flame is lowered. The lowered flame, of course, reduces the pressureof the steam.

A mercury switch 59 is shown mounted on the water valve stem 21, suchswitch having lead wires 66, 6| for opening and closing the circuit forthe oil pump, not illustrated, as the water is shut off and turned on.

Means for adjustably and yieldably stopping the water valve stem 2'! inits fully opened position is shown in detail in Fig. 3 and comprises aset screw 62 traversing a nut 63 carried by the bracket 32 which isadapted to engage a yielding stop comprising a stud 64 passing throughthe end of the stem 27 and having at its lower end an adjusting nut 65.The upper end of the stud 64 is provided with a head and between suchhead and the stem is located a coiled spring 66. These adjusting meanscontrol the amount of water which may pass the valve and also absorb theshock of stopping the parts. When it is desired to permit the passage ofsediment, this may be accomplished by simply pushing down the end of thetrip lever 29.

This device is designed as a high and low flame burner adapted to burnall kinds of oil from the light furnace oils to the heavier fuel andbunker oils. The oil is preferably drawn from a storage tank by somesuitable and approved pump and is delivered to the pipe 9 which, in thepresent description, will be regarded as a source of supply, and is putunder the desired pressure which may be controlled by some suitableautomatic device.

When the burner is not in operation or is operating inefficiently,resulting in undue decrease in pressure the spring 25 in the water shutoff device is sufi'iciently strong to maintain the trip bar 29 in itsraised position, closing the valve 26 and also opening the circuitrepresented by the wires 69 and 6| for stopping the oil pump.

When it is desired to start the burner the operator presses down on theend of the trip bar 29 which is connected with the water shut off valve.This permits water to flow into the pipe l6 and pass into the steamgenerating coil |5.

At the same time the circuit represented by the Wires 66, 6| for the oilpump is closed and oil is forced into the system. In a few moments,after the oil has been ignited, some pressure will be generated and thepiston 24 will be pushed down and the weight of the trip bucket 40 willbe overbalanced and the switch will remain closed and the water valveopen.

Of course it is perfectly obvious that the oil entering the gun Isurrounds the nozzle through which the steam is discharged, combinedsteam and oil being atomized and passing out of the end of the nozzlewith a whirling motion. The counter-weight 54 on the end of the lever 50holds this end of the lever down and the shutters 46 open so that airwhich is drawn into the openings etween the plates 42 is given awhirling motion, but owing to the disposition of these plates 42 thedirection of rotation is opposite that of the combined oil and steam.This serves to intimately mix the small and regulated quantity of airwhich is admitted with the fuel.

The quantity of air which is admitted is closely regulated by theshutters which are moved by means of the chain 53 which is preferablyassociated with the boiler pressure device.

Although but one form of my invention has been illustrated anddescribed, it will be apparent that changes may be made within the scopeof the claims without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

l. The combination with the nozzle of an oil burner furnace, said nozzlebeing formed to deliver fuel in a whirling spray, of a casingcommunicating at the inner end thereof with said furnace and includingan outer end wall and. a lateral series of curved plates surrounding thedelivery portion of the nozzle, one end of each plate being locatedfurther inwardly, radially, than its other end for directing air towardthe nozzle with a whirling motion, a series of shutters located betweenthe adjacent ends of the curved plates of the series, and means foroperating the shutters.

2. A furnace comprising a nozzle extending into the same, a casingcommunicating at the inner end thereof with said furnace and having anouter end wall and a series of curved plates surrounding the deliveryportion of said nozzle, one end of each plate being located furtherinwardly, radially, than its other end for directing air toward saidnozzle with a whirling motion, a series of curved shutters pivotallymounted between the adjacent separated ends of the curved plates of theseries, and means for operating said shutters to control the volume ofair supplied to said nozzle.

3. An oil burner comprising a nozzle, a casing communicating at theinner end thereof withsaid burner and having an outer end wall and alateral series of plates surrounding the nozzle, one end of each platebeing located further inwardly, radially, than the other end thereof fordirecting air towards the nozzle, 2, series of shutters pivotallymounted between the adjacent separated ends of the plates, and means foroperating the shutters.

4. An oil burner comprising a nozzle, a casing communicating at theinner end thereof with said burner and including an outer end wall and aseries of plates surrounding the delivery portion of said nozzle, oneend of each plate being located further inwardly, radially, than theother end thereof for directing air towards said nozzle with a whirlingmotion, a series of shutters pivotally mounted between the adjacentseparated ends of said plates, and means interconnecting said shuttersfor joint operation to control the volume of air supplied to saidnozzle.

CHARLES J. OHLSSON.

